Glossary 第5堂課

 

名詞	定義
Health behavior 健康行為	Personal attributes such as beliefs, expectations, motives, values, perceptions, and other cognitive elements; personality characteristics, including affective emotional states and traits; and overt behavior patterns, actions and habits that relate to health maintenance, to health restoration and to health improvement
Health lifestyle 健康生活型態	Collective patterns of health-related behavior based on choices from options available to people according to their life chances.
Adherence 順從度	The extent to which a person’s behavior – taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health care provider. *類似詞彙：compliance（但其意義是病人被動的接受醫囑，不了解疾病嚴重度與治療目的等醫療訊息）
Advance decision (AD) 預立醫療決定	指事先立下之書面意思表示，指明處於特定臨床條件時，希望接受或拒絕醫療照護、善終等相關意願之決定
Advanced Care Planning (ACP) 預立醫療照護諮商	指個案與醫療服務提供者、親屬或其他相關人士所進行之溝通過程，商討當個案處於特定臨床條件、意識昏迷或無法清楚表達意願時，對個案應提供之適當照護方式
Do not resuscitate (DNR) 不施行心肺復甦術	當病人罹患嚴重傷病，經醫師診斷認為不可治癒，而且病程進展至死亡已屬不可避免時，病人或家屬同意在臨終或無生命徵象時，不施行心肺復甦術（包括氣管內插管、體外心臟按壓、急救藥物注射、心臟電擊、心臟人工調頻、人工呼吸或其他救治行為）
Health inequities 健康不公平	健康所需的社會、經濟和環境條件有可避免的、系統性的不公正分配的現象
Health inequalities 健康不平等	源於生理先天因素、無法避免的差異，導致人群之間健康狀況的不同 *常會以health inequalities概括代表健康不公平與不平等
Health disparities 健康差異	組間健康狀況的發生率和流行率有差別
Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT)	A software application that facilitates the assessment of within-country health inequalities.
Health literacy 健康識能	利用諸多不同的技能以獲取、理解、表達及使用資訊，以對自己的健康做出正確的決策